Environmental Science

Industrial Agriculture Is Completely Sustainable

What you learned in school

Agricultural science classes taught that modern industrial farming methods using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides were completely sustainable and could feed the world indefinitely. Students learned about the Green Revolution as an unqualified success that solved world hunger. Textbooks presented industrial agriculture as scientifically superior to traditional farming methods, emphasizing increased yields and efficiency. The focus was on technological solutions to food production with no discussion of environmental costs or long-term sustainability concerns.

What we know now

Agricultural science classes taught that modern industrial farming methods using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides were sustainable and could feed the world indefinitely. Students learned about the Green Revolution as an unqualified success. Industrial agriculture has led to soil depletion, water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and resistance to pesticides. Monoculture farming has made crops more vulnerable to pests and diseases. The external costs of industrial agriculture include environmental damage and health effects that were not considered in the original sustainability assessments. More sustainable approaches are needed for long-term food security.

Science is always evolving. These facts represent our current understanding and may continue to be refined as we learn more.